Google App Engine Application (Cloud Computing)

Cloud computing is emerging technology in today’s world. It is basically combination of application, datastore and internet.

 Whatever application you develop interacts with datastore through internet i.e. you can store data and retrieve it via internet. Datastore is the main thing provided by cloud.

There are several cloud providers like Google, Amazon. Cloud provided by Google is free where as to use Amazon cloud we need to pay. Here I will talk about Google cloud. Google provides Google App Engine (GAE), which is a platform for “deployment” of your web application and it provides “Java Datastore Object (JDO)” .It is data storage.

1. What is Google App Engine?

2. What is JDO? 

 As Google App Engine is provided by Google, you need Google id (gmail id). You can do goggle search as “Google App Engine sign in” and you can login by using gmail id. You can create at most 10 applications on that gmail id.

 JDO is a datastore, in MySql we have tables but in JDO we have classes. So in our project we have classes with parameterized constructor, get methods and set methods. These are basically interfaces to interact with database.

Following is a step by step approach to develop your first web application.

You must have, 

1.eclipse-jee-galileo-win32.zip
2.appengine-java-sdk-1.4.0.rar
3.gpe-e35-latest-plugin.zip   Download https://sites.google.com/site/ccomputingapp/cloudsetup/3.%20gpe-e35-latest%20-%20plugin.zip?attredirects=0&d=1

Extract them wherever you want.

Following is a example project to create new account, so it will have one html page to create new account i.e. to enter new username and password, So basically there will be one html page which will take username and password and after clicking on “create” button it will call one servlet which will get the parameters and insert these details into database on cloud.

Now open eclipse, then new -> web application project.

Now configure app engine sdk, brows the path where you have extracted app engine sdk.

 Final structure of your project will look like,

Whatever database we are going to use is not local, it is remote, i.e. it is on google app engine, so java classes is the interface to interact with database. Whatever table we want to create in our project, first we must create class, e.g. I want to create table which will store username and password, so I must create class containing data members as username and password, and I must provide get and set methods and one parameterized constructor(with parameters as username and password).

For our project following is the class “Idpassword” with data members username and password, app engine will automatically generate unique id for each record, so we are not required to worry about it.

Idpassword.java:-

package firstapp;

import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Key;

import javax.jdo.annotations.IdGeneratorStrategy;

import javax.jdo.annotations.PersistenceCapable;

import javax.jdo.annotations.Persistent;

import javax.jdo.annotations.PrimaryKey;

import java.util.Date;

@PersistenceCapable

public class Idpassword

{

                @PrimaryKey

                @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY)

                private Key key;

                @Persistent

                private String username;

                private String password;

                public Idpassword ()

                {

                }

            public Idpassword (String username, String password)

                {

                                this.username = username;

                                this.password = password;      

                }

            public Key getKey()

                {

                    return key;

                }             

                public void setUserId(String username)

                {

                    this.username=username;

                }                             

                public void setPassword(String password)

                {

                                this.password=password;

                }

                public String getUserId()

                {

                    return username;

                }                             

                public String getPassword()

                {

                                return password;

                }

                }

This is html code with two textboxes as username and password.

firstpage.html:-

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<body>

<center>

<form action="/myfirstapp" method="post">

<h1><font color=blue size=10>Create Account</h1></font>

Userid: <input type="text" name=userid><br></br>

Password: <input type="password" name=password><br></br>

<input type="submit" value="create"></input>

</form>

</center>

</body>

</html>

Persistence Manager Factory object is used to access the database, like in jdbc we must have connection object. So we will have one java class ”PMF”.

PMF.java :-

package firstapp;

import javax.jdo.JDOHelper;

import javax.jdo.PersistenceManagerFactory;

public final class PMF

{

    private static final PersistenceManagerFactory pmfInstance = JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory("transactions-optional");

    private PMF() {}

    public static PersistenceManagerFactory get()

    {

        return pmfInstance;

    }

}

Now we will write servlet.

MyFirstAppServlet.java :-

package firstapp;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

import java.util.logging.Logger;

import javax.jdo.JDOHelper;

import javax.jdo.PersistenceManager;

import javax.jdo.PersistenceManagerFactory ;

import javax.jdo.annotations.IdGeneratorStrategy;

import javax.jdo.annotations.PersistenceCapable;

import javax.jdo.annotations.Persistent;

import javax.jdo.annotations.PrimaryKey;

import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Key;

import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.KeyFactory;

import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Query;

import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Transaction;

import firstapp.PMF;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")

public class MyFirstAppServlet extends HttpServlet

{

         private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MyFirstAppServlet.class.getName());

          @PrimaryKey

          @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY)

          private Key key;  

          String username;

          String password;

          PersistenceManager pm = null;

        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException

         {

          try

           {

            pm = PMF.get().getPersistenceManager();

            pm.currentTransaction().begin();

            username=req.getParameter("userid");           

            password=req.getParameter("password"); 
        

            Idpassword newuser=new Idpassword(username,password);   //create new object to insert into database

            pm.makePersistent(newuser);  //insert record into database
            pm.currentTransaction().commit(); 

            PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter();

            out.println("<html><body><h1>Record Inserted Successfully</h1></body></html>");

}

catch(Exception e){}

}

}

In any web application, whether it is on cloud, tomcat or websphere server, any webserver, we must do xml mappings i.e. mappings of servlet classes, we must map each servlet to specific URL, like in above html code we have “form action=”/myfirstapp””, is basically URL for the servelt “MyFirstAppServlet” which is mapped to the URL “/myfirstapp” as follows,

web.xml:-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee

http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">

                <servlet>

                                <servlet-name>MyFirstApp</servlet-name>

                                <servlet-class>firstapp.MyFirstAppServlet</servlet-class>

                </servlet>

                <servlet-mapping>

                                <servlet-name>MyFirstApp</servlet-name>

                                <url-pattern>/myfirstapp</url-pattern>

                </servlet-mapping>

                <welcome-file-list>

                                <welcome-file>firstpage.html</welcome-file>

                </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

And in the welcome-file-list tag we give the name of html or jsp file which should be the first page of our web app.

Now you are ready to deploy your web app. But before that you must have application id for your web app, you can create it, just follow the steps,

(You must have internet connection)

Now click on the app engine symbol, which is right below the Navigate option,

Now click on “App Engine project settings…. ” link,

 Now click on the link “My Applications” , it will redirect you to the google app engine login page, you can now login by using your gmail id.

 Click on the “create application” button. For the first time it will ask you for your mobile number, provide it (mention the country code e.g. for India it is +91), it will send you some numeric code on your mobile, enter it in the provided textbox, if it is right then fill all the information such as application id, it will be prefixed by “appspot.com”, check the availability, if available then you are allocated requested id, e.g. “http://myfirstapp.appspot.com”. Now enter the application ID.

Now provide the same gmail id and password, and click on Deploy option.

 Now open web browser and enter the URL http://myfirstapp.appspot.com.

 Now sign in to google app engine, go to “my applications”, select your application, select “Datastore Viewer” option on the left side, and see your database is created.

To retrieve records use following statements:

 String uname=null,password=null;

  pm.currentTransaction().begin();
 javax.jdo.Query query1 = pm.newQuery(Idpassword.class);


 Collection<Idpassword> records = (Collection<Idpassword>) query1.execute();
 for( Idpassword r : records)
{
uname=r.getUserid();
        password=r.getPassword();
}

  pm.currentTransaction().commit();

     

Eclipse and DB2 Express-C configuration

DB2 Express-C

DB2 Express-C is database provided by IBM. It uses Standard SQL.

To work with DB2 in Eclipse, you need following settings.

First of all you must create database.

Go to db2cmd (prompt to issue commands for db2), then issue the command “db2 create database databasename”. Then you can use this database, I mean you can create tables under newly created database by using the command “db2 connect to databasename”.

Here while giving any command you have to use db2 prefix, you can avoid this by simply giving command “db2” press enter, now you can directly give the command without giving prefix db2.

Now you can create any number of tables under this database.

After you have done with creation of tables you can do following configurations in Eclipse so that you can interact with DB2.

Right click on your project folder (left side in eclipse)...click build path...click configure build path...click java build path....go to libraries....click add external JAR's...brows c:/program files/IBM/SQLLIB/java/db2java.zip......click open...OK....now go to "JDBC Connection" in the same window...select "name: your database name"...edit runtime connection details to jdbc:db2://localhost:50000/databasename...OK....this is for type 2(there are types of drivers as type1, type2, type3 and type4)....

(still if you are unable then do one thing…..after adding external jar files follow these steps……. right click on your project -> build path -> configure build path -> jdbc connections -> runtime connection details -> edit -> select use "data source connection” -> ok)

Use following statements in your code

Driver driver = (Driver) Class.forName("com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Driver").newInstance();

Connection conn=

DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:db2://localhost:50000/dbname","username","password");

Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

ResultSet result=stmt.executeQuery("query");

Now you can manipulate this resultset.

In your application you will frequently need to use these statements in many files, instead of that I would like to suggest you to create one .java file I mean java class file that will contain above code.

e.g. DBConnection.java

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.Driver;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

import java.sql.Statement;

class DBConnection

{

    public DBConnection()

       {

              Driver driver = (Driver) Class.forName("com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Driver").newInstance();

              Connection conn=

   DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:db2://localhost:50000/dbname","username","password");

              Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

        }

}

Now in your programs you can create object of this class and use it.

e.g.

DBConnection conn=new DBConnection();

ResultSet result=conn.stmt.executeQuery("query");